Volume 5.47 | Dec 3 - Mesenchymal Cell News

Mesenchymal Cell News 5.47 December 3, 2013

TOP STORY

Role of the P2Y₁₃ Receptor in the Differentiation of Bone Marrow Stromal Cells into Osteoblasts and Adipocytes
Researchers examined whether P2Y₁₃R activation was involved in the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. They demonstrated that ADP stimulation of P2Y₁₃R^+/+ (but not P2Y₁₃R^-/-) adherent bone marrow stromal cells increased significantly the formation of alkaline phosphatase-colony-forming units as well as the expression of osteoblastic markers involved in the maturation of preosteoblasts into osteoblasts. [Stem Cells] Abstract

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PUBLICATIONS (Ranked by impact factor of the journal)

Inhibitory Effects of Hypoxia on Metabolic Switch and Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Scientists investigated the effects of oxygen tension on metabolism and osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells. They found that hypoxia impaired osteogenic differentiation as indicated by attenuation of alkaline phosphatase activity and expression of osteogenic markers core binding factor a-1 and osteopontin. [Stem Cells] Abstract

BMP4 and BMP7 Induce the White-to-Brown Transition of Primary Human Adipose Stem Cells
Scientists compared the effect of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)4 and BMP7 on white-to-brown transition in primary human adipose stem cells (hASCs) from subcutaneous adipose tissue. Long-term exposure of hASCs to recombinant BMP4 or BMP7 during differentiation increased adipogenesis, as determined by lipid accumulation and PPARγ expression. [Am J Physiol Cell Physiol] Abstract

Identification of Rat Respiratory Mucosa Stem Cells and Comparison of the Early Neural Differentiation Potential with the Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells In Vitro
Researchers identified rat nasal septum respiratory mucosa-derived mesenchyme stem cells and to compare its neural lineage differentiation capacity with bone marrow-derived mesenchyme stem cells after a short period of neural induction culture in vitro. [Cell Mol Neurobiol] Abstract

Administration of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Ziprasidone Enhanced Amelioration of Ischemic Brain Damage in Rats
Scientists investigated whether the transplantation of neural progenitor cells derived from adipose mesenchymal stem cells combined with ziprasidone enhances neuroprotective effects in an animal model of focal cerebral ischemia. [Mol Cells] Abstract

Application of Bone Marrow and Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Testing the Biocompatibility of Metal-Based Biomaterials Functionalized with Ascorbic Acid
Metal-based biomaterials were functionalized with ascorbic acid (LAA). Researchers indicated that silica coatings doped with 0.4 M LAA had a positive effect on the proliferation rate of investigated cells, and in some cases on the growth pattern of culture. [Biomed Mater] Abstract

CD90- (Thy-1-) High Selection Enhances Reprogramming Capacity of Murine Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Researchers assessed the reprogramming capacity of murine adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells and found that CD90 (Thy-1), originally discovered as a thymocyte antigen, could be a useful marker for cell therapy. [Dis Markers] Full Article

Engineering Superficial Zone Chondrocytes from Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Researchers evaluated the potential of coculture of bovine mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and zonal explants of bovine cartilage tissue to drive MSC differentiation to chondrocytes with the superficial zone phenotype. [Tissue Eng Part C Methods] Abstract

Stage-Specific Embryonic Antigen 4 in Wharton’s Jelly-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Is Not a Marker for Proliferation and Multipotency
Scientists studied stage-specific embryonic antigen (SSEA)4+ cells in Wharton’s jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells. SSEA4 was expressed for a long-term culture. In contrast, SSEA3+ disappeared rapidly in early passages of the culture. [Tissue Eng Part A] Abstract

Cultivation of Human Bone-Like Tissue from Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Osteogenic Progenitors in Perfusion Bioreactors
Researchers describe a stepwise procedure for the induction of human embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells into mesenchymal-like progenitors, and their subsequent cultivation on decellularized bovine bone scaffolds in perfusion bioreactors, to support the development of viable, stable bone-like tissue in defined geometries. [Methods Mol Biol] Abstract

Donor Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSCs) Undergo Variable Cardiac Reprogramming In Vivo and Predominantly Co-Express Cardiac and Stromal Determinants after Experimental Acute Myocardial Infarction
To determine whether a similar phenotype is detectable in vivo in ischemic myocardium, scientists infused green fluorescence protein-marked MSCs intravenously into wild-type mice in an acute myocardial infarction model generated by ischemia/reperfusion or fixed coronary artery ligation. They found that infused green fluorescence protein+ cells were confined strictly to ischemic areas and represented approximately 10% of total cellularity. [Stem Cell Rev] Abstract

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REVIEWS

Osteoblast Ontogeny and Implications for Bone Pathology: An Overview
The authors provide an update on the nature of bone-forming osteoblastic cells, highlighting recent data on mesenchymal stem cell-osteoblast-osteocyte transformation from a molecular perspective and to discuss osteoblast malfunctions in various bone diseases. [Cell Tissue Res] Abstract

Mesenchymal Stromal Cells for Organ Transplantation: Different Sources and Unique Characteristics?
In this review, recent findings on the effects of tissue and donor origin, culturing conditions and preconditioning regimens on the therapeutic effect of mesenchymal stem cells in organ transplantation are discussed and the importance of understanding the characteristics of MSC for developing efficient therapy is stressed. [Curr Opin Organ Transplant] Abstract

Visit our reviews page to see a complete list of reviews in the mesenchymal cell research field.

INDUSTRY NEWS

University of Utah Doctor Performs Historic First Procedure Using New Technique of Retrograde Gene Therapy on a Human Heart
Ernie Lively became the first patient in the world to undergo retrograde gene therapy at University of Utah Hospital, a novel procedure designed to deliver stem cells to the heart to repair damaged muscle and arteries in the most minimally invasive way possible. [University of Utah Health Care] Press Release

Recognition for Tissue Engineering Success
Professor Neil Broom, winner of this year’s MacDiarmid Medal from the Royal Society of New Zealand, used skills and techniques honed in metallurgy and applied them to solve complex problems of biological tissue structure. He has developed novel experimental approaches that have led to major improvements in bio-prosthetic heart valve function, new insights into both joint tissue structure and osteoarthritis and the structural and mechanical basis of intervertebral disc prolapse. [The University of Auckland] Press Release

Tiffany Vo Wins Ruth L. Kirschstein National Research Service Award
Rice University bioengineering graduate student Tiffany Vo has been selected for a Ruth L. Kirschstein National Research Service Award to develop and test an injectable-hydrogel scaffold for craniofacial bone tissue regeneration. [Rice University] Press Release

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POLICY NEWS

National Institutes of Health (United States)

Food and Drug Administration (United States)

Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (United States)

European Medicines Agency (European Union)

Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (United Kingdom)

Therapeutic Goods Administration (Australia)

EVENTS

NEW Gordon Research Conference: Craniofacial Morphogenesis & Tissue Regeneration
March 30 – April 4, 2014
Lucca, Italy

Visit our events page to see a complete list of events in the mesenchymal cell community.

JOB OPPORTUNITIES

NEW Postdoctoral Position – Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (RUNMC)

NEW Postdoctoral Positions – Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine (Universidad de Los Andes)

Research Associate/Research Fellow – Cell Biology (University of South Australia)

PhD Studentship – Mesenchymal Stem Cells as Endogenous Regulators of Inflammation (University of Birmingham)

Postdoctoral Research Fellows – Stem Cells (Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine)

Postdoctoral Position – Cardiopulmonary Molecular Biology (Hannover Medical School)

Scientist – Particle Chemistry (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.)

Research Technologist – Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Products (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.)

Research Associate/Scientist – Antibodies Group (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.)

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