Volume 6.42 | Nov 4 - Mesenchymal Cell News

Mesenchymal Cell News 6.42 November 4, 2014

TOP STORY

Downregulation of Dicer1 Promotes Cellular Senescence and Decreases the Differentiation and Stem Cell-Supporting Capacities of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Patients with Myelodysplastic Syndrome
Researchers found that mesenchymal stromal cells from patients with myelodysplastic syndrome displayed a significant increase in senescence, as evidenced by their decreased proliferative capacity, flattened morphology and increased expression of SA-β-gal and p21. Senescent mesenchymal stromal cells from patients exhibited decreased differentiation potential and decreased stem cell support capacity. [Haematologica]
Abstract | Full Article

PUBLICATIONS (Ranked by impact factor of the journal)

Tenascin-C Mimetic Peptide Nanofibers Direct Stem Cell Differentiation to Osteogenic Lineage
Investigators achieved control of stem cell fate towards osteogenic commitment by using a single extracellular matrix element despite the contradictory effect of mechanical stiffness. When rat mesenchymal stem cells were cultured on peptide nanofibers, ALP activity and alizarin red staining indicated osteogenic differentiation even in the absence of osteogenic supplements. [Biomacromolecules] Abstract

MicroRNA-320/RUNX2 Axis Regulates Adipocytic Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal (Skeletal) Stem Cells
Researchers performed global microRNA (miRNA) and gene expression profiling during adipocytic differentiation of human mesenchymal (skeletal or stromal) stem cells, and utilized bioinformatics as well as functional and biochemical assays, and identified several novel miRNAs differentially expressed during adipogenesis.
[Cell Death Dis] Full Article

Prospective Heterotopic Ossification Progenitors in Adult Human Skeletal Muscle
Adherent cells from freshly digested skeletal muscle tissue were expanded in defined culture medium and were FACS-enriched for the CD73⁺CD105⁺CD90⁻ population, which displayed robust multilineage potential. In addition to differentiating into typical heterotopic ossification lineages, human muscle resident mesenchymal stromal cells also differentiated into brown adipocytes expressing uncoupling protein 1. [Bone] Full Article

Mesenchymal Stem Cells Enhance Angiogenesis and Follicle Survival in Human Cryopreserved Ovarian Cortex Transplantation
Scientists show that human mesenchymal stem cells could enhance the expression level of VEGF, FGF2 and especially the level of angiogenin, significantly stimulate neovascularization and increase blood perfusion of the grafts in the cryopreserved ovarian tissue transplantation. [Cell Transplant] Full Article

Differentiation of Human Umbilical Cord Matrix Mesenchymal Stem Cells into Neural-Like Progenitor Cells and Maturation into an Oligodendroglial-Like Lineage
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were isolated from the umbilical cord matrix (Wharton’s jelly) of human umbilical cord samples. The cells were thoroughly characterized and confirmed as bona-fide MSCs, presenting in vitro low generation time, high proliferative and colony-forming unit-fibroblast capacity, typical MSC immunophenotype and osteogenic, and chondrogenic and adipogenic differentiation capacity. [PLoS One]
Full Article

Hepatocyte Growth Factor Modification Enhances the Anti-Arrhythmic Properties of Human Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells
The authors determined whether mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) carrying a hepatocyte growth factor gene modification decreased the levels of arrhythmogenic substrates and reduced the susceptibility to developing ventricular arrhythmia compared with unmodified MSCs and phosphate buffer solution in a swine infarction model. [PLoS One] Full Article

The Key Role of PML in IFN-α Induced Cellular Senescence of Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells
Scientists investigated the effects of interferon α (IFN-α) on human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) and defined the role of PML involved in this process. Their results suggested that hMSCs incurred senescence upon IFN-α stimulation, while PML levels were observed significant increased. [Int J Oncol] Abstract

Generation of Human β-Thalassemia Induced Pluripotent Cell Lines by Reprogramming of Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Using Modified mRNA
Synthetic modified mRNA molecules encoding pluripotency transcription factors have been used successfully in reprogramming human fibroblasts to induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Researchers have applied this method on bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells obtained from a patient with β-thalassemia (β-thal) with the aim to generate transgene-free β-thal-iPSCs. [Cell Reprogram] Abstract

Low/Negative Expression of PDGFR-α Identifies the Candidate Primary Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Adult Human Bone Marrow
Scientists show that low/negative expression of CD140a (PDGFR-α) on lin⁻/CD45⁻/CD271⁺ bone marrow cells identified a cell population with very high mesenchymal stromal cells activity, measured as fibroblastic colony-forming unit frequency and typical in vitro and in vivo stroma formation and differentiation capacities.
[Stem Cell Rep] Full Article | Graphical Abstract

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REVIEWS

Different Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cell Populations Reside in the Adult Kidney
The authors discuss the evidence of an mesenchymal stromal/stem cells presence within the adult kidney and their potential contribution to the turnover of renal cells and injury repair. [Stem Cells Transl Med] Abstract

Visit our reviews page to see a complete list of reviews in the mesenchymal cell research field.

INDUSTRY NEWS

New Stem Cell Action Plan Promises Major Leap Forward in Alleviating Human Suffering
A coalition of Canadian stem cell advocates, researchers and charities has launched an aggressive Action Plan for Canada to lead the way in bringing up to ten breakthrough therapies to the clinic by 2025.
[Canadian Stem Cell Foundation] Press Release

UT Arlington Researcher Uses Microscaffolding Injections to Mend Cartilage, Prevent Osteoarthritis
A UT Arlington bioengineering professor has received a $1.04 million grant from the U.S. Army that aims to regenerate cartilage tissue and reduce osteoarthritis using a patient’s own stem cells, spurred through the injection of microscaffolding made of biodegradable polymers. [The University of Texas at Arlington]
Press Release

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POLICY NEWS

National Institutes of Health (United States)

Food and Drug Administration (United States)

Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (United States)

European Medicines Agency (European Union)

Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (United Kingdom)

Therapeutic Goods Administration (Australia)

EVENTS

NEW Advances in Cancer Immunotherapy™
December 5, 2014
Tampa, United States

NEW Cell & Gene Therapy Forum 2015
January 26-28, 2015
Washington DC, United States

Visit our events page to see a complete list of events in the mesenchymal cell community.

JOB OPPORTUNITIES

NEW Cytogeneticist – Biological Characteristics of Umbilical Cord Blood and Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (University of Crete)

Postdoctoral Position – Therapeutic Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cells (IRSN – French Nuclear Safety Institute)

Assistant/Associate Research Scientist – Bone Healing and Metabolism (New York University)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Collaborative Training Program in Musculoskeletal Health Research (Western University)

Quality Improvement Coordinator – Regenerative Medicine (The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston)

Research Associate Position – Skeletal Research Center (Case Western Reserve University)

PhD Studentship – Biophysics and Mechanics of Stem Cells (Queen Mary University of London)

Faculty Positions – Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (Baylor College of Medicine)

Postdoctoral Position – Cardiopulmonary Molecular Biology (Hannover Medical School)

Scientist – Myogenic Progenitor Cell Biology (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.)

Scientist – Pluripotent Stem Cell Media Development, High Throughput Screening (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.)

Scientist – Cell Culture Support Products (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.)

Scientist – Immunology/Cell Separation (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.)

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