Volume 8.07 | Feb 23 - Mesenchymal Cell News

Mesenchymal Cell News 8.07 February 23, 2016

TOP STORY

Quantitative Evaluation of Human Bone Mesenchymal Stem Cells Rescuing Fulminant Hepatic Failure in Pigs
Investigators used an in-house large-animal (pig) model of fulminant hepatic failure rescue by human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and profiled the cells’ activities. [Gut] Abstract

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PUBLICATIONS (Ranked by impact factor of the journal)

IN VITRO

Mouse Mesenchymal Stem Cells Inhibit High Endothelial Cell Activation and Lymphocyte Homing to Lymph Nodes by Releasing TIMP-1
The authors showed that the endothelium is a specific and key target of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) during immunity and inflammation. In mice, MSC inhibit activation and proliferation of endothelial cells in remote inflamed lymph nodes, affect elongation and arborization of high endothelial venules and inhibit T cells homing. [Leukemia] Abstract | Full Article

ECM Microenvironment Unlocks Brown Adipogenic Potential of Adult Human Bone Marrow-Derived MSCs
Researchers showed that macromolecular crowding facilitates brown adipocyte differentiation in adult human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, as evidenced by substantially upregulating uncoupling protein 1 and uncoupled respiration. [Sci Rep] Full Article

The T-Box Transcription Factor 3 Is a Promising Biomarker and a Key Regulator of the Oncogenic Phenotype of a Diverse Range of Sarcoma Subtypes
Researchers showed that a diverse subset of soft tissue and bone sarcoma cell lines and patient-derived sarcoma tissues express high levels of TBX3. They further explore the significance of this overexpression using a small interfering RNA approach and demonstrate that TBX3 promotes the migratory ability of chondrosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma and liposarcoma cells but inhibits fibrosarcoma cell migration. [Oncogenesis] Full Article

Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 Regulates High Mobility Group A2 Expression in Human Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Using an isolation method to obtain pure mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) within nine days in culture, investigators showed that expression of HMGA2 quickly decreases during early expansion of MSCs, while let-7 microRNAs (which repress HMGA2) are simultaneously increased. [J Cell Biochem] Abstract

IN VIVO

Intraluminal Injection of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Spheroids Attenuates Experimental Colitis
Researchers aggregated mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in vitro into spheroids and injected them intraluminally in mice with established colitis to investigate whether these MSC spheroids could alleviate the colitis. [J Crohns Colitis] Abstract

Therapeutic Efficacy of Apelin on Transplanted Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Hindlimb Ischemic Mice via Regulation of Autophagy
Scientists demonstrated that apelin promoted functional survival of adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs) in ischemic hindlimbs and provoked a synergetic effect with AD-MSCs to restore hindlimb blood perfusion and limb functions. [Sci Rep] Full Article

Comparison of Survival and Osteogenic Ability of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Orthotopic and Ectopic Sites in Mice
Osteoconductive coral scaffold with or without luciferase-labelled human mesenchymal stem cells were implanted either in a critical-segmental-femoral-bone defect stabilized by plate or subcutaneously in 44 mice. Cell survival was evaluated by serial bioluminescence imaging and osteogenic capabilities by histology and microCT. [Tissue Eng Part A] Abstract

An Endochondral Ossification-Based Approach to Bone Repair: Chondrogenically-Primed MSC-Laden Scaffolds Support Greater Repair of Critical-Sized Cranial Defects than Osteogenically Stimulated Constructs In Vivo
The authors hypothesized that stimulation of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) chondrogenesis and subsequent hypertrophy within collagen-based scaffolds would lead to improved vascularization and bone formation when implanted within a critical-sized bone defect in vivo. [Tissue Eng Part A] Abstract

Allogeneic Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Transplanted onto the Heart Surface Achieve Therapeutic Myocardial Repair Despite Immunologic Responses in Rats
Scientists aimed to elucidate immunologic response against epicardially placed allogeneic mesenchymal stromal cells, rejection or acceptance of these cells, and their therapeutic effects for heart failure. [J Am Heart Assoc] Full Article

Mesenchymal Stromal Cell–Mediated Neuroprotection and Functional Preservation of Retinal Ganglion Cells in a Rodent Model of Glaucoma
Researchers compared the efficacy of adipose-derived stem cells, bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stromal cells and dental pulp stem cells in preventing the loss of retinal ganglion cells and visual function when transplanted into the vitreous of glaucomatous rodent eyes. [Cytotherapy] Abstract

Treatment of Fecal Incontinence Using Allogeneic-Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells: A Study Protocol for a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
Researchers investigated the safety and efficacy of using allogeneic-adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of the anal sphincter of patients with faecal incontinence. [BMJ Open] Full Article

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REVIEWS

Plasma and Nuclear Membranes Convey Mechanical Information to Regulate Mesenchymal Stem Cell Lineage
The authors provide an overview of how mechanical coupling occurs at the plasma and nuclear membranes. They also discuss the role of force on stem cell differentiation, with focus on the biochemical signals generated at the cell membrane and the nucleus and how those signals influence various diseases. [Stem Cells] Abstract

Visit our reviews page to see a complete list of reviews in the mesenchymal cell research field.

SCIENCE NEWS

More Evidence of the Power of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplant to Block Opioid-Induced Hyperalgesia and Tolerance
Cleveland Clinic researchers have found new evidence that modulating neuroinflammation with stem cell transplants may prove to be an effective strategy to treat both opioid tolerance and opioid-induced hyperalgesia. [Press release from the American Academy of Pain Medicine (AAPM) discussing research presented at the 32^nd AAPM Annual Meeting, Palm Springs] Press Release

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INDUSTRY NEWS

Cutting Edge Medical Research Ideas Receive £23.2 Million Boost
The Medical Research Council is accelerating innovative medical research with £23.2 million in new funding to take ground-breaking ideas from UK universities into industry and out to patients. [Medical Research Council] Press Release

UTA Researcher Earns NSF CAREER Grant to Develop Conductive Bioelastomers for More Effective, Safer Tissue Engineering
Yi Hong, an assistant professor of bioengineering, has won a five-year, $500,000 National Science Foundation (NSF) Early Career Development, or CAREER, Program grant to create conductive, single-component and biodegradable elastomers. [The University of Texas at Arlington] Press Release

POLICY NEWS

National Institutes of Health (United States)

Food and Drug Administration (United States)

Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (United States)

European Medicines Agency (European Union)

Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (United Kingdom)

Therapeutic Goods Administration (Australia)

EVENTS

NEW Cancer Stem Cell Conference 2016
September 20-23, 2016
Cleveland, United States

Visit our events page to see a complete list of events in the mesenchymal cell community.

JOB OPPORTUNITIES

NEW Two Early Stage Researchers/PhD Fellowships – Tendon Therapy (NUI Galway)

Postdoctoral Position – Mesenchymal-to-Neural Transition (University of Tromsø)

Postdoctoral Position – Organogenesis and Mesenchymal Stem Cells (University of Southern California)

Research Fellow – Craniofacial Mesenchymal Progenitor Cell Behavior (University of Michigan School of Dentistry)

Non-Tenure Track Assistant/Associate Professor – Regenerative Medicine (The University of Hong Kong – Karolinska Institutet Collaboration in Regenerative Medicine)

Assistant Professor – Regenerative Medicine (Ming Wai Lau Center for Regenerative Medicine)

Independent Group Leaders – Regenerative Medicine (Center of Regenerative Medicine in Barcelona)

Research Assistant – Cancer Research (NUI Galway)

Project Scientist – Pulmonary Research (Cedars Sinai Medical Center)

Tenure-Track Faculty Positions – Assistant/Associate/Full Professor (Nanyang Technological University)

Development Engineer/Scientist – Cell and Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine (Centre for Commercialization of Regenerative Medicine)

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